Resumen
The article deals with drugstores in New Spain and the existing legislation, applied mainly by the Real Tribunal de Protomedicato. In first term it studies the pharmacist figure, who needed a specialized formation in the health area. Secondly, it is described the existence of a vigilant organization in sanitary matter, and it is analyzed the manner in which the drugstores inspections took place in convents, hospitals and the public thoroughfare. The report of these visits give us information about the products sold and the publicity on the existing medicines. Besides, the pharmacists abuses and sanctions applied are also commented.